Cladonia borealis. This photograph demonstrates just how difficult the genus Cladonia can be. Notice the abundant, flattened squamules over the podetia. This indicates borealis, though they are much smaller than in the Dutch example. This example is more yellow, fertile and lacking in  basal squamules. In fact, the two photos I have put up are pretty well at the extremes of the species. This photograph was taken during the BLS field meeting in Newfoundland near Cape Race.